Fats/ Lipids is the most concentrated source of energy. They are naturally occurring organic compounds that are insoluble in water but soluble in fat solvents.They are incorporated in all the fried foods, baked foods and in all junk foods.It is a part of the brain's structure and hence cannot be avoided totally but should be taken in required amounts.
Composition: Fats have a very high amount of carbon content and equal amounts of hydrogen and oxygen i.e.,76% of Carbon, 12 % of both hydrogen and oxygen.The breakdown products of fats is fatty acid ( a combination of an acid and an alcohol) and glycerol. They both together form a triglycerides.
Classification:
1.Saturated fatty acid - are those in which all the carbon atoms are satisfied and there are no double bonds. Usually there are solid at room temperature except coconut and palm oil.
Example- all animal fats like oils, ghee, butter.
Importance -It is better to avoid more saturated fatty acid as it increases the cholesterol levels.
2. Unsaturated fatty acid - are those in which all the carbon atoms are not satisfied and they have a double bond. They are liquid at room temperature
Example- Vegetable oils.
Functions:
1. It is the most concentrated source of energy. 1 gm of fat = 9 kilo calories of energy. About 20 -35% of energy is derived from fats, 60- 65% from carbs and 5-10% from proteins.
2. It is usually deposited in the adipose tissue beneath the skin.
3. Fat forms the protective covering around the delicate organs like heart, kidney, liver,brain.
4. Acts as a shock absorber, gives support to delicate internal organs and is a bad conductor of heat and helps in maintaining the body temperature.
5. It forms a lubricating agent in the joints, for proper movement of skeleton.
6. It delays hunger and give a satiety value ( a sense of filling ) due to the secretion of enterogastron which suppresses the secretion of digestion of enzymes.
Disorders:
1. Steatorrhoea, a bile disorder where 10-30% of fat is excreted due to fat malabsorption. It can result due to both digestive and absorptive disorders.
2. Fatty Liver, accumulation of more than 30% of fat in the liver.It increases the cholesterol levels and can cause diabetes. Fatty liver disease is often silent, producing no symptoms, especially in the beginning.
Symptoms include:
- Fatigue
- Weakness
- Loss of appetite
- Nausea
- Confusion or dellurium
3. Excess fat in the adipose tissue leads to obesity which is a cause of various diseases.
4. Atherosclerosis, deposition of fat in the arteries.It is a condition in which an artery wall thickens as a result of the accumulation of fatty materials such as cholesterol. It is a syndrome affecting arterial blood vessel, a chronic inflammatory response in the walls of arteries, caused largely by the accumulation of macrophage white blood cells and promoted by low density lipoprotein (plasma proteins that carry cholesterol and triglycerides)
Requirement - 30 gm ( 2 tbsp) per day need to be ingested.
Classification:
1.Saturated fatty acid - are those in which all the carbon atoms are satisfied and there are no double bonds. Usually there are solid at room temperature except coconut and palm oil.
Example- all animal fats like oils, ghee, butter.
Importance -It is better to avoid more saturated fatty acid as it increases the cholesterol levels.
2. Unsaturated fatty acid - are those in which all the carbon atoms are not satisfied and they have a double bond. They are liquid at room temperature
Example- Vegetable oils.
Functions:
1. It is the most concentrated source of energy. 1 gm of fat = 9 kilo calories of energy. About 20 -35% of energy is derived from fats, 60- 65% from carbs and 5-10% from proteins.
2. It is usually deposited in the adipose tissue beneath the skin.
3. Fat forms the protective covering around the delicate organs like heart, kidney, liver,brain.
4. Acts as a shock absorber, gives support to delicate internal organs and is a bad conductor of heat and helps in maintaining the body temperature.
5. It forms a lubricating agent in the joints, for proper movement of skeleton.
6. It delays hunger and give a satiety value ( a sense of filling ) due to the secretion of enterogastron which suppresses the secretion of digestion of enzymes.
Disorders:
1. Steatorrhoea, a bile disorder where 10-30% of fat is excreted due to fat malabsorption. It can result due to both digestive and absorptive disorders.
2. Fatty Liver, accumulation of more than 30% of fat in the liver.It increases the cholesterol levels and can cause diabetes. Fatty liver disease is often silent, producing no symptoms, especially in the beginning.
Symptoms include:
- Fatigue
- Weakness
- Loss of appetite
- Nausea
- Confusion or dellurium
3. Excess fat in the adipose tissue leads to obesity which is a cause of various diseases.
4. Atherosclerosis, deposition of fat in the arteries.It is a condition in which an artery wall thickens as a result of the accumulation of fatty materials such as cholesterol. It is a syndrome affecting arterial blood vessel, a chronic inflammatory response in the walls of arteries, caused largely by the accumulation of macrophage white blood cells and promoted by low density lipoprotein (plasma proteins that carry cholesterol and triglycerides)Requirement - 30 gm ( 2 tbsp) per day need to be ingested.
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